The Khanda stands as one of the most powerful and revered symbols in Sikhism — representing divine knowledge, unity, and the balance between spiritual and temporal power. While most of us encounter it today on modern flags, jewelry, or art prints, its deeper artistic legacy reaches back centuries.
One of the most remarkable historical depictions of the Khanda can be found on a 19th-century gold-plated copper panel from Gurdwara Baba Atal in Amritsar, India.
Philosophy Behind the Khanda
The Khanda is more than a religious emblem, it embodies the core philosophy of Sikhism, which seeks harmony between the spiritual and the worldly. The double-edged sword at its center symbolises divine wisdom, cutting through illusion and falsehood to reveal truth. The circular Chakkar represents eternity and unity, reminding Sikhs that God has no beginning or end. The two outer Kirpans signify Miri (temporal authority) and Piri (spiritual authority) teaching that a Sikh must balance devotion to God with responsibility toward society. Together, these elements express a philosophy of inner strength, justice, equality, and fearless faith — a life lived with courage and compassion under divine guidance.
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A Glimpse into 19th-Century Sikh Art
This intricate gold-plated relief panel captures a profound moment in Sikh history. The artwork depicts Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Sikh Guru, surrounded by his attendants, a composition that embodies both devotion and the martial spirit of the Khalsa.
Upon close observation, you can see the Nishan Sahib (the Sikh flag) standing tall in the background, proudly displaying the Khanda symbol. This combination of imagery speaks to the spiritual resilience and collective identity of the Sikh community during the 19th century — a time when the faith and its followers were asserting both cultural pride and independence.
Trident with Shiva as Ardhanari (Half-Woman)
c. 1050, Chola Dynasty, South India — The Cleveland Museum of Art
This exquisite Chola-period sculpture portrays Shiva as Ardhanarishvara, the divine union of masculine and feminine energies. In this hybrid form, Shiva appears on the right, his hand resting upon the sacred bull Nandi while the other wields a battle-ax, symbolizing power and protection. The left half represents Uma (Parvati), serene and graceful, her hand once holding a delicate flower, a gesture of compassion and creation. Together, they embody cosmic balance, their unity framed by the trident (trishula), Shiva’s emblem of both destruction and divine grace.
For a deeper exploration of sacred symbolism in South Asian art, read the full blog at www.sikhmuseum.com
The Symbolism of the Khanda
At the heart of the Nishan Sahib, the Khanda is far more than a decorative element.
It unites three key components:
The double-edged sword (Khanda) at the center — representing divine knowledge, cutting through ignorance.
The circular Chakkar (or Chakra) — symbolising eternity and the oneness of God.
Two single-edged swords (Kirpans) on either side — representing the balance of Miri and Piri, or temporal and spiritual authority.
In this 19th-century panel, the artist’s placement of the Khanda reinforces these meanings visually, grounding the divine figure of Guru Gobind Singh Ji within the context of eternal truth and righteous strength.
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Why This Artwork Matters
Though it dates only to the 1800s, relatively recent in the grand scope of Indian art, this piece holds immense historical and spiritual weight.
It bridges eras, reflecting the transition from historical craftsmanship to modern symbolism. The gold-plated relief, with its intricate detailing and luminous finish, reveals how Sikh artisans used traditional materials to express deep religious devotion and identity.
For collectors, historians, or artists seeking an “antique aesthetic” rooted in authenticity, this panel serves as a perfect reference. It embodies the fusion of faith, artistry, and martial philosophy that defines much of Sikh visual culture.
Khanda as a Living Symbol
What makes the Khanda truly remarkable is its enduring relevance.
From the gilded panels of 19th-century gurdwaras to digital art and street murals today, the Khanda continues to evolve, while keeping its original meaning intact. It stands as a reminder of truth, courage, and the eternal connection between the divine and the defender.
The gold-plated panel from Gurdwara Baba Atal is more than a historical artifact, it’s a timeless conversation between art, faith, and identity, echoing across generations.
Gold holds significant symbolism within the practice of Kintsugi, representing not only beauty but also value and transformation. The use of gold in repairs serves as a reminder that what is broken can be made whole again in a way that enhances its worth. This precious metal signifies resilience; it transforms scars into something precious rather than hiding them away.
In this context, gold becomes a metaphor for personal growth, suggesting that our struggles can lead to greater wisdom and strength. Furthermore, the application of gold in Kintsugi reflects a broader cultural appreciation for craftsmanship and artistry in Japan. It signifies an understanding that true beauty often lies in the details, the careful application of lacquer and gold requires skill and intention.
This meticulous process mirrors the journey individuals undertake when confronting their own imperfections, highlighting that embracing one’s flaws can lead to profound personal transformation.
